先判断地面：四类硬地面的表面特性决定耗材

Start With the Floor: Four Hard-Floor Types That Drive Consumable Choice

工业与商业场景最常见的四类硬地面，表面硬度和孔隙差别很大。① 环氧自流平（光面）：树脂涂层，表面光滑有光泽，最怕划痕与失光；② 环氧防滑面（含骨料）：表面粗糙，多见于后厨、食品车间、坡道，粗糙面会反过来磨损硬毛刷；③ 密封固化/抛光混凝土与水磨石：本体致密，靠机械抛光获得光泽，可承受较强机械作用但怕划伤；④ 未处理的粗糙混凝土：孔隙大、吃污重，需要真正的机械刮擦力。判断顺序是：先看有没有涂层，再看是光面还是粗糙面，最后才决定用刷还是用垫。

Four hard floors dominate industrial and commercial sites, and they behave very differently. (1) Self-levelling epoxy with a gloss finish: a resin coating that scratches and dulls easily. (2) Anti-slip epoxy with aggregate: rough, common in kitchens, food plants and ramps — the rough surface wears down stiff brushes rather than the other way round. (3) Sealed/polished concrete and terrazzo: dense body, gloss achieved mechanically, tolerates real mechanical action but still scratches. (4) Untreated rough concrete: porous, holds soil, genuinely needs abrasion. Decide in this order: is there a coating, is it gloss or rough, and only then choose pad versus brush.

百洁垫色号体系：从白到黑，侵蚀性递增

Pad Colour System: White to Black, Increasing Aggressiveness

行业通用的百洁垫色号从软到硬依次为：白（抛光/最柔和）→ 红（日常轻擦）→ 蓝（常规清洁）→ 绿（深度清洗、可能带走面层）→ 棕（重度清洗/起蜡准备）→ 黑（剥离起蜡，最强）。经验原则很简单：日常保洁用红或蓝，深度清洗才上绿或棕，黑垫只在需要剥掉旧蜡层/旧涂层时使用。行业推荐的湿式擦洗盘转速区间约为 175–350 rpm，转速越高、垫越硬，对面层的破坏风险越大。

The industry-standard colour ladder runs white (polishing, gentlest) → red (light daily scrub) → blue (general cleaning) → green (deep clean, may cut into the finish) → brown (heavy duty / strip prep) → black (stripping, most aggressive). The rule is simple: red or blue for daily maintenance, green or brown only for deep cleaning, black only when you intend to remove an old finish. Recommended wet scrubbing pad speed is roughly 175–350 rpm; the faster the disc and the harder the pad, the higher the risk to the finish.

金刚砂（钻石）垫目数：抛光地面的正解

Diamond (Twister-Type) Pad Grit for Polished Surfaces

金刚砂垫在垫体中植入金刚石颗粒，通用目数对应关系为：黑约 100 目、红约 300 目、白约 800 目、黄约 1500 目、绿约 3000 目。目数越高越细、越偏抛光。混凝土可覆盖全部目数区间；大理石、水磨石多用 300–3000 目；花岗岩通常只用较粗的两档。对抛光混凝土与水磨石而言，绿色（约 3000 目）金刚砂垫是日常首选——它在清洁的同时维持甚至提升光泽度，且寿命通常显著长于普通百洁垫。

Diamond-impregnated pads follow their own grit scale: black ≈ 100 grit, red ≈ 300, white ≈ 800, yellow ≈ 1500, green ≈ 3000. Higher grit means finer and more polishing-oriented. Concrete can use the full range; marble and terrazzo typically sit in the 300–3000 band; granite generally only takes the coarser grades. For polished concrete and terrazzo, the green (~3000 grit) diamond pad is the default daily choice — it cleans while maintaining or improving gloss, and typically lasts far longer than a conventional pad.

环氧地坪：光面只用软垫，防滑面只用软/中毛刷

Epoxy Floors: Soft Pads on Gloss, Soft/Medium Brushes on Anti-Slip

环氧光面地坪的红线是：不要用绿、棕、黑垫，也不要用硬毛刷。这类耗材会在涂层上留下均匀细划痕，视觉上表现为“越洗越雾、光泽掉了”，且不可逆。正确做法是白垫或红垫做日常，顽固污渍先用中性至弱碱清洁剂做化学预处理、延长作用时间，而不是加大机械力。环氧防滑面（带骨料）则相反——垫子会被骨料快速磨穿，应改用软蓝刷或中蓝刷；同时要接受一个事实：粗糙面会持续消耗刷毛，硬毛刷寿命反而更短。

The red line on gloss epoxy is: no green, brown or black pads, and no stiff brushes. These leave uniform micro-scratches that read as 'it gets hazier every time we clean it', and the damage is not reversible. Use white or red pads for daily work, and solve stubborn soil chemically — a neutral to mildly alkaline detergent with longer dwell time — instead of adding mechanical force. Anti-slip epoxy is the opposite case: aggregate chews through pads quickly, so switch to a soft or medium blue brush, and accept that a rough floor will keep consuming bristles.

密封固化混凝土、水磨石与防滑砖的对照建议

Sealed Concrete, Terrazzo and Anti-Slip Tile: The Practical Matrix

密封固化/抛光混凝土：日常用绿色金刚砂垫或红/蓝百洁垫；粗糙未抛光的混凝土用中硬毛刷（常见为中蓝刷或硬红刷），干结物料需要硬刷才能撬起。天然石材（大理石、石灰石、水磨石）：优先金刚砂垫，普通百洁垫最多到红垫，绿垫以上会伤石面。防滑砖与哑光/微纹理瓷砖：垫子比刷子擦得更干净，但砖缝只有毛刷能清理，实践中常用“先垫后刷”或交替使用。亮面釉砖：中蓝刷是全能选择，既清面又清缝。

Sealed/polished concrete: green diamond pad or red/blue pads daily; on rough unpolished concrete use a medium-stiff brush (typically medium blue or hard red), and a hard brush when dried-on material has to be lifted. Natural stone (marble, limestone, terrazzo): diamond pads first, conventional pads no coarser than red. Anti-slip and matte/textured tile: pads clean the surface better, but only brushes clean the grout lines, so alternate pad-then-brush. Glazed gloss tile: a medium blue brush is the all-rounder, cleaning both surface and grout.

刷压、转速与吸水扒：耗材之外的三个变量

Brush Pressure, RPM and Squeegee: Three Variables Beyond the Pad

同一块垫子，在不同刷压下的效果差别巨大。以 ApexClean 实机为例：艾博仑 R75-66D-PRO 手推洗地机工作宽度 660 mm、洗地刷压 32 kg、刷速 80 rpm、吸水扒宽 900 mm，属于“中刷压 + 低转速”的稳健配置，适合环氧与固化地坪的日常维护；永乐 YLBA1202 为双刷盘（340–360 mm）、刷压 32 kg、80 rpm、清洗宽度 700 mm，覆盖效率更高。低转速搭配足够刷压，通常比“高转速 + 硬垫”更安全，也更省耗材。吸水扒宽度要大于清洗宽度（如 660 mm 对 900 mm），否则边缘残水会造成二次污染与滑倒风险。

The same pad performs very differently under different down pressure. Two real ApexClean machines illustrate the balance: the Aibolen R75-66D-PRO walk-behind runs a 660 mm scrub width, 32 kg brush pressure, 80 rpm brush speed and a 900 mm squeegee — a moderate-pressure, low-speed configuration that suits routine maintenance of epoxy and sealed floors. The Yongle YLBA1202 uses twin 340–360 mm discs, 32 kg pressure, 80 rpm and a 700 mm scrub width for higher coverage. Low RPM with adequate pressure is usually safer — and cheaper in consumables — than high RPM with a hard pad. Squeegee width must exceed scrub width (660 mm vs 900 mm above), otherwise edge water left behind causes re-soiling and slip risk.

上机前的五条防错清单

Five-Point Checklist Before You Run the Machine

① 任何新耗材、新药剂，先在隐蔽区域做小面积测试，观察 24 小时；② 洗地前先清扫散落砂石，砂石被垫子带着走就是磨料，划伤大多来自这一步；③ 垫子用后必须冲洗晾干，带污干硬的垫子等于砂纸；④ 垫子出现明显变形、边缘卷曲、清洁力下降时立即更换，不要“再撑一周”；⑤ 确认垫子/刷盘与机器托盘规格匹配，尺寸不符会导致偏磨与托盘损坏。操作强腐蚀药剂或使用粗垫剥离时，请配戴手套与护目镜并保持通风。

(1) Test any new pad or chemical on a small inconspicuous area and inspect after 24 hours. (2) Sweep loose grit first — grit dragged under a pad is abrasive, and most scratch complaints start here. (3) Rinse and air-dry pads after every shift; a soiled, hardened pad behaves like sandpaper. (4) Replace pads once they deform, curl at the edge or lose cleaning power — do not stretch them another week. (5) Confirm pad and driver sizes match the machine, or you get uneven wear and driver damage. Wear gloves and eye protection and keep the area ventilated when using aggressive chemistry or stripping pads.