先分清三条互不替代的合规线

Three compliance tracks that do not substitute for each other

把清洁设备卖进美国，需要同时满足三条彼此独立的合规线：一是电气安全，由 OSHA 的 NRTL（国家认可测试实验室）制度承接，落到具体的 UL 标准上；二是电磁兼容，由 FCC 规则第 15 部分管辖；三是能效，由美国能源部（DOE）依 10 CFR 429/430 管辖，加州还叠加能源委员会（CEC）Title 20 的注册要求。三条线互不替代：拿到 UL 认证不等于满足 FCC，通过 FCC 也不代表 DOE 合规。多数中国供应商在报价阶段只谈「有没有 UL」，把后两条留到清关或平台上架时才发现问题。

Selling cleaning equipment into the United States means satisfying three independent tracks. Electrical safety runs through OSHA's NRTL scheme and lands on specific UL standards. Electromagnetic compatibility is governed by FCC rules Part 15. Energy efficiency is governed by the U.S. Department of Energy under 10 CFR 429/430, with California adding CEC Title 20 registration. None replaces another: a UL certificate does not satisfy FCC, and FCC compliance says nothing about DOE. Many Chinese suppliers discuss only whether a UL mark exists at the quotation stage, and discover the other two tracks at customs clearance or marketplace listing.

NRTL 是什么：为什么欧盟 CE 在美国不作数

What an NRTL is, and why an EU CE mark does not count in the U.S.

美国采用第三方认证模式：29 CFR 1910.7 定义了 NRTL 的资格与程序，OSHA 电气安全条款要求工作场所使用的电气设备须经认可（approved）。CE 属于制造商自我声明的合格标志，美国监管框架不承认其效力。经 OSHA 认可的 NRTL 包括 UL Solutions、Intertek（ETL 标志）、TÜV SÜD America、TÜV Rheinland、MET Laboratories、DEKRA Certification、CSA 等多家机构。关键在于：OSHA 对任一 NRTL 的认可都是「按标准逐项」授予的——某机构获准依 UL 60335-2-72 发证，不等于它也获准依 UL 60335-2-69 发证。选择实验室前应先核对其在 OSHA 官网公布的认可范围。

The United States uses third-party certification. 29 CFR 1910.7 defines the qualification and procedures for a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory, and OSHA electrical safety provisions require workplace electrical equipment to be approved. CE is a manufacturer self-declaration mark and carries no standing in the U.S. framework. OSHA-recognized NRTLs include UL Solutions, Intertek (ETL mark), TÜV SÜD America, TÜV Rheinland, MET Laboratories, DEKRA Certification and CSA. Crucially, OSHA grants recognition standard by standard: a laboratory recognized for UL 60335-2-72 is not automatically recognized for UL 60335-2-69. Verify the laboratory's published scope on the OSHA website before engaging it.

对号入座：清洁设备适用的 5 个 UL 60335 分部标准

Matching machines to the five applicable UL 60335 part standards

商用清洁设备并非笼统适用「UL 认证」，而是按机型分入不同分部标准：UL 60335-2-72 适用于带或不带行走驱动的商用地面处理机（洗地机、扫地机、驾驶式与手推式）；UL 60335-2-67 适用于商用地面处理机（清洁动作以横向或往复为主的机型，如单擦机/抛光机）；UL 60335-2-68 适用于商用喷抽式清洗机（地毯抽洗机）；UL 60335-2-69 适用于含动力刷的商用干湿两用吸尘器；UL 60335-2-79 适用于高压清洗机与蒸汽清洗机。OSHA 在 2025 年通过 TÜV SÜD America 的扩项决定（90 FR 42448）将 UL 60335-2-67 与 UL 60335-2-68 新增进 NRTL 适用标准清单；DEKRA 于 2025 年 8 月公示的扩项申请中则包含 UL 60335-2-69 与 UL 60335-2-79。

Commercial cleaning machines do not fall under a generic UL certification; they map to different part standards. UL 60335-2-72 covers floor treatment machines with or without traction drive for commercial use, including ride-on and walk-behind scrubbers and sweepers. UL 60335-2-67 covers commercial floor treatment machines whose cleaning motion is more lateral or periodic, such as single-disc and polishing machines. UL 60335-2-68 covers commercial spray extraction machines. UL 60335-2-69 covers commercial wet and dry vacuum cleaners including power brush. UL 60335-2-79 covers high pressure cleaners and steam cleaners. In 2025, OSHA added UL 60335-2-67 and UL 60335-2-68 to the NRTL list of appropriate test standards through the TÜV SÜD America expansion grant (90 FR 42448); DEKRA's 2025 expansion application included UL 60335-2-69 and UL 60335-2-79.

UL 60335-2-72 的范围与「不适用」清单：最容易踩的边界

The scope and exclusion list of UL 60335-2-72, where buyers get caught

UL 60335-2-72 第 2 版于 2021 年 6 月 4 日发布并同日获 ANSI 批准。其范围覆盖商用室内外使用的驾驶式与手推式动力机械，作业方式包括清扫、洗地、干湿吸取、抛光、上蜡与封釉、地毯洗涤，动力形式涵盖内燃机、市电电机（单相额定电压至 250 V，其他至 480 V）和电池供电（可含车载充电器）。同样重要的是排除清单：家用地面处理器具（IEC 60335-2-10）、商用地面处理机（2-67）、喷抽机（2-68）、干湿吸尘器（2-69）、道路清扫车（欧洲由 EN 13019 覆盖）、坡度超过 20% 使用的机械、带动力输出装置（PTO）的机械，以及为腐蚀性或爆炸性环境（粉尘、蒸气、气体）设计的机械，均不在其范围内。这意味着防爆型吸尘设备不能靠 2-72 解决合规问题。

Edition 2 of UL 60335-2-72 was published and ANSI-approved on 4 June 2021. Its scope covers powered ride-on and walk-behind machines for commercial indoor or outdoor use, for sweeping, scrubbing, wet or dry pick-up, polishing, application of wax, sealing products and powder detergents, and shampooing of artificial floor surfaces. Power systems include internal combustion engines, mains-powered motors up to 250 V single-phase and 480 V otherwise, and battery power with optional built-in chargers. The exclusions matter just as much: household floor treatment appliances (IEC 60335-2-10), commercial floor treatment machines (2-67), spray extraction machines (2-68), wet and dry vacuums (2-69), road sweepers (covered by EN 13019 in Europe), machines for slopes exceeding 20 percent gradient, machines with a power take-off, and machines designed for corrosive or explosive environments involving dust, vapour or gas. Explosion-protected vacuum equipment therefore cannot be compliance-solved through 2-72.

FCC：走 SDoC 还是 FCC ID，Class A 与 Class B 怎么分

FCC: SDoC or FCC ID, and how Class A differs from Class B

带电机、变频器、开关电源或控制器的清洁设备属于非有意发射体，通常适用 FCC 规则第 15 部分 B 分部，可走 SDoC（供应商符合性声明）路径，由制造商基于合格实验室的 EMC 测试报告自行签署声明，无需 TCB 审核、无需 FCC ID。若整机内置蓝牙、Wi-Fi、4G 模组或遥控发射器，则涉及有意发射体，需要 FCC ID（可利用已认证模组降低成本）。Class A 指用于商业、工业或企业环境的设备，Class B 指可能在住宅环境使用的设备，限值更严。商用洗地机、扫地机通常按 Class A 处理，但若产品同时面向住宅物业销售，需评估是否按 Class B 设计。技术文件与测试报告应留存备查。

Cleaning machines with motors, drives, switching power supplies or controllers are unintentional radiators and normally fall under FCC Part 15 Subpart B, allowing the Supplier's Declaration of Conformity route: the manufacturer signs a declaration based on an EMC test report from a competent laboratory, with no TCB review and no FCC ID. If the machine embeds Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, 4G modules or a radio remote, intentional radiator rules apply and an FCC ID is required, though a pre-certified module reduces cost. Class A covers equipment for commercial, industrial or business environments; Class B covers equipment likely used in residential environments and carries stricter limits. Commercial scrubbers and sweepers are usually treated as Class A, but products also sold to residential property managers need a Class B assessment. Keep technical files and test reports on hand.

DOE 与加州 CEC：带充电器的电瓶机型最容易漏项

DOE and California CEC: battery machines with chargers are the usual gap

美国能源部依 10 CFR 429（抽样与报告）和 10 CFR 430（测试方法）对电池充电系统（BCS）与外部电源（EPS）实施强制能效管理，电池充电器测试方法见 10 CFR 430 Subpart B 附录 Y，外部电源见附录 Z（现行为 Level VI 等级）。电瓶式洗地机、扫地机若配套车载或随机充电器，充电系统很可能落入 BCS 范围，需按规定测试并在 DOE 数据库完成注册。加州另有 CEC Title 20 器具能效要求，相关产品型号需在 CEC 数据库注册后方可在加州销售。加州 65 号提案（Prop 65）则要求对含特定有害物质的产品加贴警示标签，铅酸电池、部分线缆与手柄材料是常见触发点。

The Department of Energy regulates battery charger systems and external power supplies under 10 CFR 429 for sampling and reporting and 10 CFR 430 for test procedures, with battery chargers tested per 10 CFR 430 Subpart B Appendix Y and external power supplies per Appendix Z, currently at Level VI. Battery scrubbers and sweepers supplied with on-board or shipped chargers frequently fall within the battery charger system scope, requiring testing and registration in the DOE database. California adds CEC Title 20 appliance efficiency requirements, with covered models registered in the CEC database before sale in the state. California Proposition 65 additionally requires warning labels where listed substances are present; lead-acid batteries and certain cable and handle materials are common triggers.

锂电机型的运输合规：UN38.3 与 49 CFR

Transport compliance for lithium machines: UN38.3 and 49 CFR

锂电池驱动的洗地机、扫地机与手持吸尘设备属危险品运输范畴。出货前需具备电池的 UN38.3 试验概要（Test Summary），美国境内运输还需遵守美国交通部危险品条例（49 CFR）关于包装、标记、标签与运输文件的要求；海运另需符合 IMDG 规则。实务上常见问题有三个：一是整机内置电池与随机备用电池的申报方式不同；二是电池瓦时数（Wh）决定包装等级与标签；三是空运限制远严于海运。建议在签订合同时就明确由哪一方负责危险品申报与费用，避免到港后滞留。

Lithium-powered scrubbers, sweepers and handheld vacuums are dangerous goods. A UN38.3 test summary for the cell and battery is required before shipment, and U.S. domestic transport must follow the Department of Transportation hazardous materials regulations in 49 CFR for packaging, marking, labelling and shipping papers; ocean freight additionally follows the IMDG Code. Three issues recur: batteries installed in equipment are declared differently from loose spare batteries; watt-hour rating drives packing instructions and labels; and air freight limits are far tighter than sea freight. Agree in the contract who handles dangerous goods declaration and its cost, to avoid detention on arrival.

采购方尽职调查：向中国工厂索取这 8 份文件

Buyer due diligence: eight documents to request from a Chinese factory

一、对应机型的 NRTL 证书（注明所依据的 UL 60335 分部标准编号与版本）；二、证书上型号与实际出货型号一致的说明（含铭牌照片）；三、EMC 测试报告与 FCC SDoC 声明文本（或 FCC ID）；四、若含充电器：DOE 测试报告与注册号，加州销售另附 CEC 注册记录；五、锂电池 UN38.3 试验概要与 MSDS；六、Prop 65 评估结论或警示标签样张；七、英文版操作与维护说明书、安全标识与警示语清单；八、备件与售后支持承诺（含常用易损件清单与交期）。这八份文件覆盖了海关查验、平台上架与终端客户安全审计的绝大多数问询点。

One, the NRTL certificate for the exact model, stating the UL 60335 part standard number and edition. Two, evidence that the certified model matches the shipped model, including nameplate photos. Three, the EMC test report and the signed FCC SDoC text, or the FCC ID. Four, for machines with chargers, the DOE test report and registration number, plus CEC registration for California sales. Five, the UN38.3 test summary and MSDS for lithium batteries. Six, the Proposition 65 assessment or warning label artwork. Seven, English operating and maintenance manuals with a list of safety markings and warnings. Eight, spare parts and after-sales commitments including a wear-parts list and lead times. These eight items answer most questions raised at customs, in marketplace listings, and in end-customer safety audits.